Child abuse can be when someone does something harmful, or does not provide for or protect, a child or young person.  Child abuse can cause long-lasting emotional, physical and behavioural damage.

The four main types of child abuse are:

Sexual abuse/sexual misconduct

Any sexual act or sexual threat imposed on a child or young person, including suggestive behaviour and inappropriate touching.

For example, a coach holding a participant's arms longer than necessary to teach a golf swing or tennis serve, or voyeuristically watching an athlete shower or change clothes.

Physical abuse

Non-accidental injury and/or harm to a child or young person, caused by another person such as a parent, care-giver or even an older child. 

For example, physically punishing a young person for losing a game by hitting, throwing equipment, pushing or shoving.

Emotional abuse

Behaviours that may psychologically harm a child or young person, including verbal abuse, threats, bullying, harassment or excessive and unreasonable demands. 

For example, yelling or name-calling during a game, putting children down verbally, or encouraging violent or racist bias in the game.

Neglect

Failing to provide a child or young person with basic physical and emotional necessities, harming them or putting them at risk of harm. 

For example, keeping the best young player on-field to win the game despite their having concussion, or discouraging children from drinking water before a competition in case it adds to their weight.

Disclaimer

These definitions and indicators have been included as a guide only. They do not replace the need for consultation with professionals who work in the area of child abuse.

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